Whole kidneys were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and 4 μm sections were obtained. Kidney sections were rehydrated with xylene and ethanol and stained with Masson Trichrome stain or Picro-Sirius solution (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Renal collagen was determined as blue staining (Masson trichrome staining) or red staining (Picro-Sirius staining) under light microscopy. The area of renal fibrosis was calculated by 10 randomly selected non-overlapping fields at 200×magnification using NIH Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
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