We evaluated the effects of O3FAs on DN and albuminuria. The dose-effect relationships between O3FAs and albuminuria, renal function were also analyzed. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates (GFRs), and spot urine ACRs were measured at the start of O3FA administration. Overnight 8-hours fasting random spot urine samples were collected, and urine ACR was measured with an immunoturbidimetric method. After O3FA treatment (median 1.4 years), we evaluated changes in these laboratory parameters and also examined clinical parameters, blood glucose, lipid profiles. GFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [19]. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2).
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