The procedure was performed by trained invasive cardiologists using standard technique. In brief, the catheter was inserted into the radial artery using a Seldinger technique, and the tip was advanced to the aortic sinus cusp. X-ray images of the transient radio-contrast distribution within the coronary arteries were carried out to visualize the arterial tree. The degree of obstruction was estimated as percentage of the arterial lumen by comparing the area of narrowing to an adjacent normal artery.
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