2.3. Cell growth assay

DU145 cells were seeded at 1 × 10⁴ cells per well in a 24‐well plate in culture medium for 24 hours. After refreshing the medium with 5% FCS, cells were treated with various concentrations of Cap for 24, 48, or 72 hours. To determine cell growth rate, 50 μL water‐soluble tetrazolium‐1 (WST‐1; abcam, Cambridge, UK) was added to each well at the end of the incubation time, and the absorbance of each sample was measured using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm.