Estimation of Fluorescent AGE Formation in Glycated BSA

The presence of fluorescent AGEs in the incubated samples was estimated by using fluorescence spectroscopy on a Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer. The fluorescence intensities (F.I.) of incubated samples were measured at excitation and emission wavelengths of 380 and 440 nm, respectively.²⁷ The percentage change in F.I. was computed using the following equation: % change in F.I. = [(F.I. of Glu-BSA/Fru-BSA – F.I. of native/NS-treated BSA)/F.I. of Glu-BSA/Fru-BSA] × 100.