2.3. Cell viability assays

The CCK‐8 assay was used to conduct a cell viability assay. Cells were added to plates and treated with either ropivacaine alone, sorafenib alone, or a combination of both drugs at their respective concentrations. The cells were then incubated for either 24 or 48 h. After this incubation period, 10 μL of CCK‐8 solution was added to each well and the plates were incubated for an additional 2 h at 37°C. The optical density (OD) at 450 nm of each well was measured using a microplate reader, and the IC50 value or survival rate was calculated.