Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) detection kit (Beyotime, China). HaCaT cells were seeded in 6-well plates and incubated for an additional 12 h after receiving UVA irradiation. Then, cells were collected and incubated with a mixture containing Annexin V-FITC and PI for 20 min in the dark and detected on a BD flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The data were further analyzed by using FlowJo software.
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