Outcome variables

Meal skipping was assessed by asking respondents how often over the past month they had ‘skipped breakfast’, ‘skipped lunch’ and/or ‘skipped dinner’. In the present study, dinner skipping was omitted from further analysis due to the small number of students (only 4 %) reporting dinner skipping, consistent with past research^{( 10 , 12 )}. Responses to breakfast and lunch skipping included ‘not in the last month’, ‘once/twice a month’, ‘once/twice a week’, ‘most days’ and ‘every day’. In the current study, consistent with previous approaches^{( 20 , 26 , 27 )}, adolescents were categorized as ‘frequent skippers’ if they reported skipping meals on ‘most days’ or ‘every day’ and ‘infrequent skippers’ otherwise.