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NB Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali
NA Norliza Ahmad
HM Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
AA Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman
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Data was extracted from respondents aged 60 and older to examine the well-being of the geriatric population. This selection adheres to the criteria established by the Malaysian Public Service Department, which identifies 60 as indicative of old age and retirement [38]. Within this demographic, a specific subgroup characterised by low social support was included in the analytical process. The determination of social support levels relied on respondents’ scores from the 11-item Duke Social Support Index (DSSI), assessing their perceived social support. Individuals scoring below 27 out of a maximum of 33 were classified as having low social support [39]. Consequently, the analysis included 926 complete cases involving the geriatric population aged 60 and above, identified as having low social support.

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