Revised Olweus Bullying Victimization Questionnaire (OBVQ-R)

The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire is one of the most widely used instruments to measure adolescents’ bullying perfusion/victimization [27]. It was revised by Zhang Wenxin et al. in China. The scale has demonstrated good reliability and validity among Chinese adolescents [28]. The scale included two subscales: bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. We used the latter (OBVQ-R) in the current study. The “bullying” mentioned in the remainder of this article refers to “bullying victimization”. Bullying victimization was assessed with six items in total, covering three types: physical bullying (questions 3 and 5), verbal bullying (questions 1 and 6), and relationship bullying (questions 2 and 4).

Participants were asked how often they had experienced different types of bullying in the past year, and the response options included the following: 0 = never in the past year, 1 = only once or twice; 2 = two or three times a month; 3 = approximately once a week; 4 indicates how many times per week 2 = happened a year ago, 3 = a few times within a year, and 4 = a few times a week. If an individual scored ≥ 2 points on any one of the six questions, they were classified as having been victims of bullying. Higher total scores indicate more severe bullying. The Cronbach’s α in the sample for the bullying victimization subscale was 0.807.