Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)

To assess global cognitive functioning, we employed the total score of the MoCA test (version 8.1) which includes the cognitive sub-domains of short-term memory, visuospatial ability, executive function, attention and working memory, language, and orientation [48] validated in Mexican population [49] as well as in PwPs [50]. The MoCA is among the most widely used cognitive screening test in PD [51]. In this study we treat the MoCA total score as a continuous variable to estimate general cognitive ability. This measure was originally included in Lelo de Larrea-Mancera et al. [29] (control group) to afford sample matching in future studies with different clinical populations (e.g. this study). Thus, our main objective with this measure was to ensure groups are matched in general cognitive terms.