Only IgG-expressing B cells were retained for further analysis, as these B cells are expected to be elicited by the vaccine treatments, and differences in gene expression between B cell subtypes could convolute the downstream analyses. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between the cells from mice in the U-mRNA and m1Ψ-mRNA groups based on Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p values. DGE was also performed between Cluster 9 cells and the rest of the matrix to identify upregulated genes in this cluster (Fig. S4).
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