Statistical Analysis

Statistical analyses and graphical representations were performed using GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). Unpaired t-test was utilized to assess the statistical significance of comparisons between 2 groups, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for comparisons between multiple groups. Additionally, 2-way ANOVA was performed for subgroup comparisons. In the graphical representations, different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), whereas the same letter indicates no significant difference (P > 0.05). Uppercase letters denote significance at a higher threshold (P < 0.01).