2.3. Data analysis

Vaccine perception measures (confidence in discussion, COVID-19 vaccine recommendation, and knowledge) and booster shot status among HCP were explored for potentially significant associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Confidence in COVID-19 recommendation is a 6-item instrument from 1 to 6 with high numbers indicating more confidence. Confidence in vaccine discussion and knowledge are similarly structured and scored. The scores for each outcome measure (vaccine hesitancy, confidence in COVID-19 vaccine recommendation, confidence in vaccine knowledge and discussion) were analyzed on a discrete numeric scale. All sociodemographic characteristics were summarized as categorical variables using frequencies and proportions. For each vaccine hesitancy outcome measure, its association with sociodemographic variables and vaccination status was assessed using log binomial regression analyses in SAS 9.4 software (SAS Institute Inc.) to calculate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI).