Live/dead staining assays of the cell encapsulation within the hydrogel microstructures were performed by labeling with calcein acetoxymethyl ester (2 μg/ml) and propidium iodide (3 μg/ml) fluorescent dyes (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA). Cellular viability within the hydrogel microstructures was assessed daily using ImageJ software to analyze the areas of red fluorescence (dead cells) and green fluorescence (live cells) in each image. Cellular viability was quantified by calculating the ratio of the area of green fluorescence relative to the total area of fluorescence.
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