2.2.1. Child behavior checklist (CBCL)

The parent of each participant completed the 1991 version of the CBCL for ages 4–18 years. The CBCL queries the parent about the child's behavior in the past six months and aggregates this data into behavioral problem T scores (Achenbach, 1991). A computer program calculates the T scores for each scale. Raw scores are converted to sex- and agestandardized scores (T scores having a mean of 50 and standard deviation (SD) of 10). A minimum T score of 50 is assigned to scores that fall at midpoint percentiles of ≤50 on the syndrome scales to permit comparison of standardized scores across scales. T Scores above 70 (2SD) indicate clinical disorder. Clinical subscales include Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complains, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Rule-Breaking Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior. Composite scales include Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, and Total Problems. Competence scales include Activities, School, Social, and Total Competence. In addition, we included the Emotion Dysregulation Profile (AAA score); the aggregate T score of the Anxious/Depressed, Attention and Aggressive Behaviors subscales. While CBCL is a parent-reported scale, studies have documented cross-rater agreement among parent-report and self-report (Althoff et al., 2010; Huang, 2017; Rescorla et al., 2017).