2.5 Risk bias assessment

Applying an adapted version of risk of bias tool which was the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT), three review authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the included studies (Ruszymah et al., 2020). This analysis tool entails the risk of bias in several domains: 1) selection bias; 2) performance bias; 3) detection bias; 4) attrition bias; 5) reporting bias. Studies were deemed as exhibiting a low risk of bias (+), high risk of bias (−), unclear risk of bias (?) or not applicable (NA) (Supplementary Table S1). Consensus was achieved via discussion between the review authors for any variance in the risk of bias analysis.