Histology was performed as previously described [29]. Overall cellular and tissue structure was visualized with haematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining. Glycosaminoglycans were visualized by staining with 1% Alcian blue 8-GX (Sigma-Aldrich) and Nuclear Fast Red (Sigma-Aldrich). Calcium deposits were visualized with 2% Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich). Osteoclasts were stained with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP; Leucocyte acid phosphatase kit, Sigma-Aldrich).
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