MatrigelTM matrix (Corning, 356,234, USA) was used to conduct angiogenesis assay in vitro. According to the previous protocol,35 the plates and sterile pipettes were precooled at 4°C. 100uL Matrigel was added into cold 48-well plates using cold pipettes and then transferred to 37°C for solidification. Subsequently, HUVECs cultured on the complete medium contained sEVs were seeded on the solidified Matrigel. After incubation for 8 h, HUVECs were observed under inverted optical microscope. The number of nodes, junctions and branches were calculated by image J software.
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