Cells were fixed with 4% FA solutions and paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissues were deparaffinized. Fixed cells and tissues were permeabilized with Triton X-100, sequentially incubated with blocking solution and primary antibodies, including Col18a1 (Invitrogen™), Serpin E1, CD68 (Abcam Plc.), NG2 (Sigma-Aldrich), PECAM-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), and MPO (Agilent Technologies, lnc., Santa Clara, CA, USA), at 4 °C overnight, and further incubated with secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Flour® 488 or Alexa Flour® 555 (Abcam Plc.). DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) solution (Invitrogen™) was used to stain the nuclei. Fluorescence signals were observed and imaged using the ZEISS Axio Imager M1 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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