For each miRNA, Ct or ΔCt values (Ct target − Ct reference gene), and FC were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Subgroup analyses were performed by considering current smokers compared with those who were not current smokers, and by restricting the main analyses to the cases with an early stage of disease at diagnosis (stage I and II).
Comparison of the FCs was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Dunn multiple comparison test. Results with a P < 0.05 after multiple comparison correction were considered significant.
In addition, we investigated the significance of the interaction between miRNA expression levels and smoking status by including an interaction term in logistic regression models.
Analysis was performed using R 3.5.1 (https://www.r-project.org/) and Stata softwares (StataCorp. 2016. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. StataCorp LP).
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