Statistical analysis

RP Roberta Pastorino
MS Michele Sassano
FT Francesco Danilo Tiziano
LG Luca Giraldi
RA Rosarita Amore
DA Dario Arzani
EA Emanuela Abiusi
WA Wolfgang Ahrens
LV Laia Alemany Vilches
CC Cristina Canova
CH Claire Mary Healy
IH Ivana Holcatova
PL Pagona Lagiou
JP Jerry Polesel
MP Maja Popovic
SN Ståle Nygård
GC Gabriella Cadoni
AZ Ariana Znaor
PB Paolo Boffetta
KM Keitaro Matsuo
IO Isao Oze
PB Paul Brennan
SB Stefania Boccia
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For each miRNA, Ct or ΔCt values (Ct target − Ct reference gene), and FC were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Subgroup analyses were performed by considering current smokers compared with those who were not current smokers, and by restricting the main analyses to the cases with an early stage of disease at diagnosis (stage I and II).

Comparison of the FCs was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Dunn multiple comparison test. Results with a P < 0.05 after multiple comparison correction were considered significant.

In addition, we investigated the significance of the interaction between miRNA expression levels and smoking status by including an interaction term in logistic regression models.

Analysis was performed using R 3.5.1 (https://www.r-project.org/) and Stata softwares (StataCorp. 2016. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. StataCorp LP).

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