Blood was collected from patients with invasive GAS infections or no known recent GAS exposure (Streptolysin O negative). Samples were collected from patients with necrotizing fasciitis at the time of presentation to our hospital. Sera were separated by centrifugation and transferred to sterile cryovials for storage at − 80 °C. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Houston Methodist Hospital and Houston Methodist Research Institute.
Purified AdcA-NTD was resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membrane was incubated with individual human serum sample at 1:50,000 dilution in TBS-T for 1 h at room temperature followed by additional 1 h incubation with goat anti-human HRP–conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo scientific) diluted at 1:10,000. Antibody-antigen interaction was visualized by chemiluminescence.
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