Index of multiple deprivation, living environment and indoor and outdoor subscales

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 (IoD2019) is the official measure of relative deprivation for geographical areas in England and it is comprised of seven distinct domains of deprivation which, when combined and appropriately weighted, form the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD2019). These 7 different domains are: Income Deprivation, Employment Deprivation, Education, Skills and Training Deprivation, Health Deprivation and Disability, Crime, Barriers to Housing and Services and Living Environment Deprivation.

Full residential postal codes were used to extract indices of deprivation from IoD 2019 considering the latest available database at the time of conducting the study: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019 and https://imd-by-postcode.opendatacommunities.org/imd/2019. Specific data extracts were obtained from the IMD and the Living Environment Deprivation decile for ‘indoor’ and ‘outdoor’ sub-domains. The “indoor” index measures the quality of housing that considers ten different indicators such as location, site–visual impact, layout and landscaping, site–open space, site–routes and movement, unit–size, unit–layout, unit–noise, light, services and adaptability, unit–accessibility within the unit, unit–sustainability and external environment. The “outdoor” index contains measures of air quality and road traffic accidents.