The 96-well cell culture plate wells were coated evenly with Matrigel (BD, USA, 50μL). This was allowed to solidify at 37°C for 1 hour. The cells, treated with or without 10ng/mL TGF-β1, were then added (2.5 ×105 cells/mL) onto the surface of the matrigel and incubated at 37°C for 12 hours. Vascular mimicry formation photographs were captured under the microscope, and the number of branch points were evaluated using Image J software.
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