Quantitative real-time PCR

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using a CFX96 TouchTM Real-Time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) as previously described by (Park et al., 2018). The transcripts were amplified using the iQTM SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad) with specific primers ( Table S1 ). qRT-PCR was performed under the following conditions: 95°C for 30 s, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 10 s and 55°C or 58°C for 40 s. Relative gene expression was calculated using the ΔΔCt method and normalized using the expression levels of the housekeeping gene actin. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out using at least three biological replicates and two technical replicates.