Weight was recorded when children first arrived in the United Kingdom shortly after leaving institutions (Sonuga-Barke et al., 2008). Approximately 69% of the Romanian adoptees weighed <1.5 SDs below United Kingdom norms at that time. Weight at United Kingdom entry (in SD relative to age-matched and sex-matched United Kingdom norms) was used as a continuous variable as an index for subnutrition in the Romanian institutions.
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