Statistical analysis

A mCCI was calculated from the available NSQIP data.⁶ Points were assigned to patients based on their preoperative comorbidities, including age, cancer, COPD, congestive heart failure, ascites, end-stage renal disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Chi-squared tests and one-way analysis of variance where appropriate. For initial assessment of the comorbidities to be assessed,^{2,4,11,14,17,22,23,34} univariate logistic regressions were used. Factors that were significant under this analysis were included in a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis modeling the odds of any complication based on comorbidity factors. Any complication was defined as wound, cardiac, respiratory, renal, neurological, or septic/systemic complications in addition to deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, postoperative blood transfusion, urinary tract infection, extended LOS (3+ days), or reoperation.