Finger-prick blood samples were collected using a strictly disposable sterile blood lancet. Thick and thin blood films were prepared for the purpose of checking the presence of Plasmodium parasites and species identification, respectively, according to WHO guidelines [47]. All blood films were stained with 3% Giemsa and examined by two experienced laboratory technicians independently for the presence of Plasmodium infection and species identification. If there was controversy on the results observed by the two, a third person resolved the disagreement. Microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT, Access Bio Korea, Inc, Korea, Seoul) was used for diagnosis of study participants.
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