RNA was isolated per the Qiagen RNeasy Kit protocol (Qiagen). Complementary DNA synthesis was performed with SuperScript IV VILO (Invitrogen by Thermo Fisher Scientific). Real-time qPCR was performed with the QuantStudio 6 Flex platform and the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems by Thermo Fisher Scientific). The TaqMan gene expression assay for β-actin mRNA was used for normalization. Relative expression was calculated via the 2–ΔΔCT method.
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