Study population

In terms of the eligibility criteria, healthcare workers registered in the National Unified Registry of Human Resources in Health from Colombia and conducted in-person consultations and/or telemedicine were included. Exclusion criteria were specialists who reported a prior diagnosis of mental health disorders confirmed by a psychiatrist or mental health professional, and those who reported any acute/chronic condition that could limit their ability to answer the questionnaires. The sample size was estimated based on a meta-analysis by Pappa et al. that assessed the prevalence of mental health disorders among 33,062 healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic [15]. A minimum sample size of 250 participants was calculated considering a pooled prevalence of depression of 22.8%, bearing in mind the following formula [16]:

A 5% significance and precision level were applied, as well as a 5% adjustment for probable losses. Regarding the sample selection method, a non-probabilistic, consecutive sampling was conducted. Despite the participants registered to do the survey, only the population who completed all the questionnaires was included in the analysis.