2.3. Cocoa Shells Charcoal Process

The cocoa skin that was used had a yellow color. Then the cocoa skin was cleaned from any attached impurities, such as seeds and fruit flesh. After that, the cocoa shells were cut into small pieces and then dried under sunlight until dry (moisture content <8%). Then charcoal was made by carbonization using an MEMMERT UN55 oven (Germany) at 1500 °C for 1 h. After becoming charcoal, the cocoa shells were crushed using a mortar. The crushed cocoa shells were then sieved using a 74 m (200 mesh) sieve.