Study inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the license to practice as a nurse or midwife, (2) minimum two years of professional experience as a nurse or midwife (to have a good knowledge of the nature of nursing/midwifery work and rely solely on one’s own experience when answering the questions from the study questionnaire), and (3) working in a hospital as a nurse or midwife during conducting the present study. First, the questionnaire was delivered to nurses and midwives (n = 683) who agreed to take part in the study and who work in hospitals in the Lubelskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships in Poland. After three weeks the same respondents were invited to take part in the study and 140 retests were filled and returned correctly.
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