To detect virulence genes such as hemolysin A (hla), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst), staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, and sec), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin, PCR was used (pvl). As previously described, PCR assays were used to investigate the common aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (6′)-aph (2″), aph3, ant4) and macrolide resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC) [17, 18].
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