2.4. Data extraction and synthesis

Each of the two reviewers shared in the data extraction for all of the included publications using an Excel spreadsheet. Following extraction, the results were reviewed by the second reviewer and all cases of disagreement were resolved through consensus. Specifically, each of the two reviewers extracted study characteristics, which included: the discipline of the published article; the authors’ discipline(s); the setting; the purpose (as stated in the publication); the study design; and the stated definition(s) of a social movement (if available). To determine the commonalities across each description of a social movement in the context of knowledge uptake and sustainability, all examples of the concept and its components were extracted in detail. Following this, categories and subcategories were created and organized into antecedents, defining attributes or consequences.

Results were reviewed by members of the expert panel, who engaged in the creation of a framework of social movement in the context of knowledge uptake and sustainability over several sessions involving energized discussions and mapping exercises. This included the two co-chairs as well as some of the members of the expert panel who participated in a working group that met on a regular basis and provided feedback to the two reviewers. Members of the working group included panel members with and without expertise in social movement action. Following meetings with the working group, the two reviewers updated the full expert panel at regular virtual and in-person meetings on the progress and results of the concept analysis for their feedback and guidance.

Per the Walker and Avant method, and considering that data extracted were limited to definitions and features of the concept, a quality appraisal was not warranted. In addition, many of the publications were theoretical studies as opposed to empirical ones.