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A previous study that used neurally adjusted ventilatory assist to measure the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) in preterm infants reported a standard deviation of 6.9 µV in the amplitude of the EAdi.36 The mean difference in the amplitude of the EAdi 30 min pre and post extubation, in the infants who were successfully extubated, was 6.8 µV. To detect such a difference in the EAdi amplitude with 80% power at the 5% significance level, assuming one-third of infants would fail extubation,9 48 infants were required.
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