Total RNA was harvested using TRIzol (Thermo Fisher), DNAse-treated (RQ1; Promega), and reverse-transcribed with the SuperScript III reverse-transcriptase (Invitrogen) using random hexamers (Thermo Fisher) as per manufacturer’s instructions. For quantitative RT-PCR, cDNAs were analyzed using an ABI 7500 Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) using the Luna Universal qPCR Master Mix (NEB). Results were normalized to HPRT. The 2–ΔΔCt method was used to derive change in gene expression.
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