Surface microhardness of the fractured IFDPs was assessed by the hardness tester machine (MicroMet 6040, Buehler LTD., Lake Bluff, IL. USA) through application of a 50 g loading force for 20 s (Standard-ASTM C1327–03) using the diamond Vickers hardness indenter (VH) [49]. An average of five indentations on different areas of each specimen was calculated. The indentation readings were detected by a single trained operator (P.E). Calculation of VH was done through the following equation:
where (KHN) represents the Knoop hardness readings, (c) represents the applied force in grams and (d) represents the length of the longest diagonal detected in mm [40].
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