Population

Patients aged 18 years or older affected by recurrent traumatic anteroinferior glenohumeral instability who accepted to enter the study were considered eligible. All patients underwent a bilateral computed tomography (CT) scan preoperatively to rule out critical bone defects. Exclusion criteria were: instability without dislocation, posterior/multidirectional instability, glenoid bone defect exceeding 20% of the surface area of the inferior glenoid [26], off-track lesions [9], Bony Bankart lesions, concomitant rotator cuff tears, previous fractures and/or surgery on the same shoulder, infections, congenital or acquired inflammatory or neurologic diseases (systemic or local) involving the shoulder girdles, inability or unwillingness to sign the informed-consent form or to complete self-administered questionnaires. Enrollment was confirmed at the time of surgery.