We examined the mortality in a nationally representative cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The NHANES is a series of independent health surveys of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Since 1999, NHANES collected data continuously and released datasets in 2-year cycles. In each survey, participants are selected with the use of a complex, stratified, multistage probability-cluster sampling design for in-home interviews and visits to a mobile examination center [12]. We included data from NHANES 2005–2014 as the NHANES used a different rating scale for depression before 2005. The data from NHANES is openly available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm. The NCHS approved the study protocols and written informed consent was obtained from each participant [13]. This study followed the STROBE checklist for observational studies.
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