4.4. Characterization of Nanoemulsions

The droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and conductivity of the freshly prepared nanoemulsions were determined by a Zetasizer (Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZSP, Cambridge, UK) in triplicate. Before the Zetasizer measurements, nanoemulsions were diluted at 1:10. This analysis was carried out at the East Anatolian High Technology Research and Application Center (DAYTAM) of Atatürk University. Apart from its conductivity, the dilution technique was also used for the type of determination of nanoemulsions. The prepared nanoemulsions were diluted at a 1:10 ratio with ultrapure water. In nanoemulsions where ultrapure water forms a homogeneous mixture and no phase separation was observed, the external phase was accepted as water [60]. The pH of the nanoemulsions was determined at room temperature with a pH meter (WTW inoLab, Weilheim, Germany) previously calibrated [61].