Solar Radiation

Incident solar radiation (W/m²) was measured every 2 min by a Radiation Sensor (2770; Aanderaa Instruments) installed in the meteorological station of the vessel (SADO) placed over the deck. The sensor is sensitive in the range of 300–2500 nm, but is covered by a glass (borosilicate) dome, filtering out most of the incident UVR. To measure solar radiation in the ultraviolet bands, we used an incident UVA (315–400 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm) radiometer (UVS-AB-T; Kipp & Zonen, Version T2.07.217) also installed in the vessel’s meteorological station. Doses of solar radiation received during the experiments were then calculated by integrating radiation values for the day’s duration and expressed in kJ/m².