Bladder cancer PDX models were provided by The Jackson Laboratory. PDXs were developed through subcutaneous implantation of clinical tumor tissues into immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG; RRID:IMSR_JAX:005557) female mice, followed by serial passaging as previously described (32). All experiments utilized PDX models within the first 5 passages.
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