For intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i) and K+ ([K+]i) measurements, cells were grown in 10 cm tissue culture plates and treated with the various osmotic solutions (Table S2) for 15 min. They were then quickly washed 3 times with osmotically balanced solution of 150 mM LiCl (300 mOsm) on ice. The cells were then lysed overnight at 4 °C in 1% HNO3. The [Na+]i and [K+]i were measured using a PinAAcle 900F Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (PerkinElmer) and then normalized to cell number and cell volume.
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