Statistical Analysis

For statistical analyses, data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 23.0 for Windows, IBM). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Independent sample t-tests and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to compare the clinical data and radiological parameters between groups. The associations between the Weishaupt grade and quantitative parameters were determined using Spearman correlation coefficient. Correlations between parameters were considered very weak for 0 ≤ |R| < 0.2, weak for 0.2 ≤ |R| < 0.4, moderate for 0.4 ≤ |R| < 0.6, strong for 0.6 ≤ |R| < 0.8, and very strong for 0.8 ≤ |R| ≤ 1.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between the quantitative parameters and LFS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were constructed to determine the most appropriate parameter for diagnosing LFS. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on the optimal thresholds determined according to the ROC curve analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.