Cell viability and colony formation assay

The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay (Cat. No. C0038, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used to detect cell numbers as measured by OD 450. Briefly, the cells were seeded in 100 μL of complete medium at a density of 3000–4000 cells per well in a 96-well plate overnight and then treated with indicated drugs. Then, according to the CCK-8 manufacturer’s instructions, a microplate reader (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for the absorbance detection at a wavelength of 450 nm as OD value. For colony formation assay, 1000–2000 cells were seeded in 24-well plate overnight, and treated with indicated drugs the other day, then cultured for 1–2 weeks. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Cat.No. P1110, Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 15 min, then washed with PBS twice, stained with 1% crystal violet solution (Cat.No. C0121, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 10 min. Finally, the number of colonies were photographed and counted.