Stimuli.

We employed the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) corpus as used in our prior work (Wisniewski et al., 2021; Wisniewski & Zakrzewski, 2020), and by other researchers interested in understanding the processing of speech in adverse listening conditions (e.g., Thompson et al., 2015; Bolia et al., 2000; Brungart, 2000). The CRM corpus contains eight call signs (Arrow, Baron, Charlie, Eagle, Hopper, Laker, Ringo, Tiger), four colors (red, blue, white, green), and eight numbers (1–8). All sentences are spoken as: “Ready <call sign> go to <color> <number> now”. Each combination of sentences was spoken by eight different individuals (four female and four male). The mean length of sentences was 1.78 seconds. For this study, the possible <number> in the sentences was limited to the range of 1–4 because of previous work showing that performance variability is greater for the higher numbers (Brungart, 2001). For further detail on recordings and access to the corpus, see Bolia et al. (2000).