Clinical and Laboratory Data

The demographic data of the included patients, such as age, sex, primary cause of liver cirrhosis, body mass index (BMI), and history of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, were obtained. Blood samples were collected within 1 week for laboratory tests. Laboratory indexes, including liver function, renal function, coagulation parameters, and blood morphology, were measured in the clinical laboratory according to standard protocols. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdominal ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography were performed on each patient before the operation. The MELD score was calculated according to the United Network for Organ Sharing formula [22]. Moreover, 2 independent radiologists evaluated the width and velocity of the portal vein and the presence and extent of PVT of each patient using Doppler ultrasonography examination preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively. The diagnosis of PVT was based on the partial or complete absence of blood flow in the lumen of the splenoportomesenteric axis, with solid materials in the vein.