Child Behavior Outcomes: Child Behavior Checklist, School-Age Version

The CBCL is used in clinical and nonclinical settings for assessing behavioral and emotional problems in children.¹⁵ It is a questionnaire administered to caregivers that asks about a target child’s emotional and behavioral problems and is used in clinical and nonclinical settings. CBCL items ask a caregiver to rate the degree to which a child has each of 100 problems on a scale from 0 (Not True) to 3 (Very True or Often True). The CBCL yields T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10; scores above or equal to 60 are considered to fall above the clinical cutoff for the problem behavior domain (borderline: 60–63; clinical: greater than 64). The CBCL-Sch was administered to ECHO caregivers when children were 6 to 11 years of age. The CBCL-Sch consists of 120 items related to child behavior issues scored on a 3-point scale ranging from Not True (value of 0) to Often True or Very True (value of 2). Raw CBCL scores, calculated by summing the corresponding CBCL responses, were transformed into T-scores for analysis according to the CBCL manual.