Physical Activity Assessment

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Matsudo et al., 2012) was used to measure the participants' physical activity level. The questionnaire was fulfilled by participants who received verbal guidance. Participants were considered “physically active” when meeting one of the following criteria: a) vigorous physical activity: ≥ 3 days/week and ≥ 20 minutes/session; b) moderate physical activity or walking ≥ 5 days/week and ≥ 30 minutes/session; c) any activity combined ≥ 5 days/week and ≥ 150 min/week.