Methods

We recorded demographic data (gender and age group), radiological finding(s) (pleural disorder(s)), and thoracosurgical intervention(s) (one or more pleural taps, tube thoracostomies, and incisions for emphysema) for every included patient. Patients who had a positive RT-PCR assay for COVID-19 with related pleural complications, which required single or multiple thoracosurgical interventions, were included in the study. Patients with negative RT-PCR assay with the pleural disorder(s) and patients with the so-called post-acute COVID-19 syndrome with pleural complications, were excluded from the study. Patient data were obtained using the available medical history and were anonymized according to the Regulation on the protection of personal data.